The role of the expression of PPAR-gamma gene in the adipogenesis in hemangioma evolution / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of the expression of PPAR-gamma gene in the adipogenesis in hemangioma evolution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine immunohistochemistry staining of Perilipin A, the marker antigen of adipocytes, was performed to observe the adipogenesis in hemangioma. Immunofluorescence staining of PPAR-gamma, the important transcription factor in promoting adipogenesis, was carried out to observe its location in hemangioma tissue, with the co-staining of alpha-SMA and CD31. And RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of PPAR-gamma gene in hemangioma in different stages.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the evolution of hemangioma, the number of adipocytes increased continuously. And the tumor was replaced by fibrofatty tissue finally. PPAR-gamma was located in the nuclei of perivascular cell in hemangioma tissue. The expression of PPAR-gamma gene in hemangioma increased in the evolution of hemangioma, but still was lower than that in normal fat tissue from children.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of PPAR-gamma in the perivascular cells suggests that they may contribute to the adipogenesis in hemangioma involution.</p>

Central wedge resection and asymmetric Z-plasty for minor labia reduction / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect of central wedge resection and asymmetric Z-plasty for minor labia reduction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the Giraldo procedure, the incision was designed and the redudent tissue was resected quantitatively. The Z-plasty was modified to rectangle flap with deviated incision. The incisions at the two surface of minor labia were designed in an opposited direction. The two rectangle flaps were inserted to form the free edge of minor labia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>11 cases of minor labia hypertrophy were treated with good results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The modified procedure is easily performed with precise design. It is suitable for all kinds of minor labia hypertrophy.</p>

Treatment of complicated cavernous venous malformation with retained copper wires combined with pingyangmycin injection / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of retained copper wires combined with pingyangmycin (PYM) injection for complicated cavernous venous malformation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The location of venous malformation was detected by physical examination and MRI. The copper wires in 0.2 mm width were used to puncture the lesion repeatedly and retained in the lesion to form a net. After that, 8 mg PYM was injected into the residue malformed veins. 8-10 days later, the copper wires were taken out and necrotic tissue was squeezed out. The wounds of punctual holes healed through dressing. The patients received postoperative MRI to evaluate the therapeutic effect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2008, 45 cases were treated. The patients were followed up for 1-3 years. 51.1% (23/45) of the lesions shrinked markedly or even disappeared. 42.2% (19/45) of the lesions reduced. 6.67% (3/45) of the lesions didn't change. There was no complication like invasive infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is very effective to treat complicated cavernous venous malformation with retained copper wires combined with pingyangmycin injection.</p>

The expression and role of glucose transporter-1 in infantile hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and role of glucose transporter-1 (Glut1) in infantile hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two samples from infantile hemangioma, 25 in cavernous venous malformation, 9 in arteriovenous malformation, 2 in capillary malformation and 5 in normal skin samples were involved in this study. The EnVision immunohistochemical stain was used to investigate the expression of Glut1 protein in these samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the early proliferating stage, a number of endothelial cells expressed Glut1. In the middle proliferating stage, most of vascular endothelial cells and scattered endothelial cells expressed Glut1. In the late proliferating stage, the expression of Glut1 decreased quickly. In the involuting stage, all hemangioma samples didn't express Glut1. All of the samples from the cavernous venous malformations, arteriovenous malformations, capillary malformations and normal skin had no expression of Glut1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Glut1 may be one of the phenotypes of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells in their development, rather than the inherent character. The expression of Glut1 changes according to the metabolic need of infantile hemangioma cells.</p>

The distribution and evolution of pericytes in infantile hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution, phenotype and development of pericytes in infantile hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two infantile hemangioma samples were included in our study. alpha-SMA was used as the marker antigen to observe the distribution of pericytes. Transmission electron microscope and TUNEL method were used to analyze the apoptosis of pericytes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the early and middle proliferating stage, there existed many pericytes in hemangioma; Pericytes together with endothelial cells generated vasculogenesis. In the late proliferating stage, many pericytes became apoptotic. In the early involuting stage, there were only a few of pericytes around the microvessels; After that, the microvessels became obstruction progressively and pericytes disappeared finally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The pericyte is one of the major constitutive cells of hemangioma. The vasculogenesis, development and disappearance of microvessels undertaken by pericytes and endothelial cells lead to the pathologic evolution of infantile hemangioma.</p>

The expression and role of Fas/FasL in infantile hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Fas/FasL in infantile hemangiomas and discuss the role of Fas/FasL in the pathologic evolution of infantile hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The EnVision immunohistochemical stain and RT-PCR technique was used to examine the expression of Fas/FasL protein and mRNA in the infantile hemangiomas.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In the early and middle proliferating stage, a number of infantile hemangioma cells expressed Fas. In the late proliferating stage, the number of positive cells increased obviously and the expression of Fas mRNA was reaching the strongest level. In the early regressing stage the Fas still existed in some cells and after that the expression decreased quickly. (2) Up to the middle proliferating stage, there were a few of FasL(+) cells foound. In the late proliferating stage, the number of FasL(+) cells increased significantly. From the early regressing stage, the number of FasL(+) cells decreased rapidly and disappeared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There may exist significant correlation between the expression of Fas/FasL and the development of the infantile hemangioma cells. The apoptosis of the infantile hemangioma cells mediated by Fas/ FasL may be the major reason of the spontaneous involution of infantile hemangioma.</p>

Polymorphisms analysis of short tandem repeat loci D21S1433, D21S1442, D21S1444, D21S2051 in Guangdong Han nationality in China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the polymorphic distribution of short tandem repeat (STR) sequences D21S1433, D21S1442, D21S1444, D21S2051 in Guangdong Han nationality in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using quantitative fluorescens PCR technology, the authors analyzed 200 unrelated samples to acknowledge the allele frequency, heterozygosity and other genetic information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>D21S1433, D21S1442, D21S1444, D21S2051 were tested in 200 samples, which were tested to be statistical according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05), 9, 10, 9 and 5 alleles were detected separately in each STRs. The heterozygosity of each STR was 0.818, 0.820, 0.770, and 0.261. The polymorphic information content > 0.7 in D21S1433, D21S1442, D21S1444, while D21S2051 owned only 0.247 polymorphic information.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>D21S1433, D21S1442, D21S1444 are found to have high heterozygosity and polymorphic information content, and they could provide useful markers for genetic purposes, while D21S2051 is not informative in Guangdong Han nationality in China.</p>

A clinical pathological study on cavernous venous malformation of the body surface / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical pathology of cavernous venous malformations of the body surface.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples of cavernous venous malformations from 42 cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the pathologic structure. The clinical manifestations and case history were summarized accordingly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no distribution difference of the malformation in sex and body sides, but with obvious difference in anatomic sites. The malformation occurred most frequently at the head and neck, more frequently at extremities and least frequently at the trunk. According to pathologic structure, cavernous venous malformations of the body surface can be divided into three types: the cellular, the canaliform and the mixed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cause of distribution difference in anatomic sites remains unclear. Internal hemorrhage and infection may account for the increased growth and ache of the lesion. The different pathologic structure of the malformation may cause different clinical manifestations.</p>

The expression and significance of structural proteins, VEGF and Ang-1 in cavernous venous malformations of the body surface / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and significance of structural proteins, VEGF and Ang-1 in cavernous venous malformations of the body surface.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples came from 25 cases of cavernous venous malformations, 12 cases of normal moderate veins and 12 cases of normal small veins. Envision immunohistochemical stain was used to investigate the expression of IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, VEGF and Ang-1. The results were analyzed semi-quantitatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distribution of structural proteins in cavernous venous malformations is similar to moderate and small veins, but the expression in venous malformations is less obviously. VEGF expression in cavernous venous malformations and small veins is stronger obviously than moderate veins. Ang-1 expression in small veins is stronger remarkably than cavernous venous malformations and moderate veins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormal expression of structural proteins may be an important factor in etiopathology and progress of cavernous venous malformations. There is disturbance of blood vessel remodelling in the sinusoid of cavernous venous malformations, with which the less expression of Ang-1 may be related.</p>

The role of releasing the fibrous bundles across levator muscle in correcting congenital blepharoptosis / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of releasing the fibrous bundles across the levator muscle between the medial canthus and lateral canthsus near the top of tarsus in the correction of the congenital blepharoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven patients with 40 eyes of blepharoptosis were undergoing the treatment. It was performed by releasing the fibrous bundles across the levator muscle between the medial canthus and lateral canthsus near the top of tarsus to correct the mild and moderate blepharoptosis. A further procedure can also be added to by folding the levator aponeurosis if necessary. In the severe blepharoptosis, the frontalis aponeurose flap may be applied for the suspension as well during the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 40 eyes in 27 cases with mild, moderate and severe blepharoptosis were treated by using this method, with 38 eyes corrected satisfactorily and 2 eyes corrected mostly in the following-ups from 3 months to 1 year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The above mentioned technique may be a good, simple and effect method to corret congenital blepharoptosis.</p>